The line of this second circle represents the levels of each one of those maximum limits that would be sustainable in the long term, so that if the level that we have reached in one of them is inside the circle, we will be in a sustainable situation, and if the level is outside the circle, we are in an ecologically unsustainable situation. Lastly, we also place the natural limits forming another circumference, concentric with the previous one, but larger.Place the social ends forming a circumference, whose line would represent the minimum socially acceptable level of each one of those ends, so that, if we stay below that level, we will be inside the circle, and if we have overcome them, it will be out of the circle.Consider a diversity of goals, relatively independent from each other, and divided into two main blocks: on the one hand, what we can call social gals (income, level of employment, education, health, peace, security, justice, housing, energy use, etc.), and, on the other hand, the natural limits (atmospheric temperature, pollution in its various manifestations, biodiversity, deforestation, etc.).
The fundamental thesis of doughnut economics is that GDP (as a unified measure of economic development) should be replaced by the following representation: The concept of the “doughnut economy” – or rather, its graphic design: the colourful circle – has also gained great popularity as it has been adopted to represent the sustainable development goals (OSD) of the UN’s 2030 Agenda. Raworth is not really a degrowther, for she rather thinks that economic development can progress until it remains stationary on a “platform” at a level higher than the current one (something with which I quite agree), but her ideas are quite consistent with the main concerns of those who see GDP growth as a disease (or, as he says in the book, an addiction). In recent years, supporters of the theory of degrowth have found an ally in an imaginary “new economic theory” that has become very popular: the so-called Doughnut Economics, for the title of a book by the British economist Kate Raworth, who proposed the model in a 2012 article.
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